What Is Female Infertility Treatment?
As the name suggests, female infertility treatments are specialized treatments to help women conceive. Female infertility refers to a woman’s inability to conceive or get pregnant despite multiple attempts for at least a year. The reasons for infertility are manifold and generally differ for each individual. Not to mention, if a woman keeps having miscarriages after conceiving a baby, it also qualifies as infertility. More than physical repercussions, infertility’s emotional implications can significantly affect a woman’s mental health. In several cases, it can strain a couple’s relationship and put them in distress.
Thanks to the advancement in healthcare, several fertility treatments are now available for women who wish to become mothers. Read on to explore the various female infertility treatments.
What Happens In Female Infertility Treatment
Before deciding the best line of treatment for a female, fertility specialists first carry out a thorough diagnosis. The diagnostic procedure consists of a range of assessments aimed at determining the cause of infertility, and rule out underlying health conditions that can affect the efficacy of treatments. The most commonly performed diagnostic tests for female infertility include:
Blood Tests: A blood test helps doctors determine the thyroid and prolactin levels in your blood, in addition to other conditions. The doctor might assess other parameters as well based on your overall health.
Laparoscopy: This test involves using a thin and flexible monitoring instrument, with a scope to look for potential problems in the reproductive organs.
X-ray Hysterosalpingogram (HSG): Thai is similar to a regular x-ray, except it involves injecting a dye into the cervix. Then, an x-ray is performed, which tracks the movement of the dye through the fallopian tube. It helps in determining blockage in the fallopian tubes.
Transvaginal Ultrasound: This ultrasound produces detailed images of the uterus and the ovaries and helps doctors look for any abnormalities in the respective organs. The doctor inserts a small ultrasound probe into the woman’s vagina to perform this procedure.
Hysteroscopy: Hysteroscopy helps investigate the uterus and look for conditions like fibroids or polyps (non-cancerous growth in the uterus) that might be causing infertility. In this procedure, the doctor inserts a hysteroscope into the woman’s vagina through the cervix to get a clear view of the uterus.
Saline Sonohysterogram: SIS or Saline Sonohysterogram is an invasive ultrasound procedure that helps doctors get a clear view of the uterine lining and look for polyps and other structural abnormalities. In this test, the doctor uses a saline solution to fill the uterus and then uses an ultrasound transducer to assess the lining of the uterus.
Female Infertility – Types Of Treatments
Non Surgical:
Listed below are some common and reliable female infertility treatments:
Egg Freezing
Oocyte Cryopreservation, or Egg freezing, is a technology that can help women have a child whenever they want. A woman’s ability to get pregnant deteriorates as she ages. Therefore, several women find it difficult to conceive once they enter their 30s. Egg freezing is an excellent option for women who are not planning to get pregnant immediately but wish to conceive in the future. In this method, the doctors extract some eggs from the ovaries, freeze them, and then store them unfertilized to be used later. Sometimes, egg freezing is used with IVF or in-vitro fertilization. The ideal age for a woman to freeze her eggs is the late 20s or early 30s.
Embryo freezing
This procedure is similar to egg freezing, except it involves freezing embryos instead of eggs. This procedure allows couples to store their embryos for later use. The doctor extracts eggs from a woman’s ovaries and combines them with the male partner’s sperm in the lab to allow fertilization. Once the embryo is formed, it is stored at sub-zero temperatures. This method is generally recommended for people who are to undergo chemotherapy in the near future, have genetic disorders that affect the reproduction process or are taking medicines that affect fertility. Additionally, this method also lets same-sex couples and people belonging to other groups of the LGBTQ community plan pregnancies.
Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)
ART or Assisted Reproductive Technology, includes multiple infertility treatments in which the sperm and eggs are handled. These methods are used for women who have a blockage in the fallopian tube and in cases where the sperm is unable to fertilize the egg. ART can include treatment through medicines as well as surgical methods. Listed below are the most advanced and commonly performed ART procedures:
In Vitro Fertilization, or IVF
IVF, or In Vitro Fertilization, is a reliable ART procedure that has helped a large number of couples achieve parenthood. It is generally recommended when a woman can’t conceive due to blocked or damaged fallopian tubes or the male partner can not produce enough sperm. In IVF, the fertilization process, which generally happens inside a woman’s body, is replicated in a lab on a petri-dish. The procedure begins with stimulating a woman’s ovaries with drugs, which increases egg production. When the eggs mature, they are extracted from the ovaries and combined with sperm in a petri-dish to initiate the fertilization process. When the fertilization process is complete, and embryos are formed, the doctor implants these embryos in the woman’s uterus and waits for pregnancy to happen.
IUI (Intrauterine Insemination)
IUI, or intrauterine insemination, is another highly reliable infertility treatment which is also quite affordable. In IUI, the doctors implant the sperm of the male partner or donor directly into the woman’s uterus. Unlike IVF, fertilization in IUI happens inside the woman’s body. This treatment is generally recommended in unexplained infertility cases, where the sperm motility is low or the sperm has difficulty reaching the egg. The doctors wash and concentrate the sperm and then inject the sperm directly into the uterine cavity near the time of your ovulation. Women have to wait for approximately two weeks to take a pregnancy test.
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
This assisted reproductive technology involves introducing a single sperm cell to an egg cell. When the embryo is formed, it is transferred to the uterus or the fallopian tube. This ART is generally suggested if IVF fails to give effective results or when there are serious problems with the sperm.
Intrafallopian transfer
If the fertility specialist suspects unexplained infertility, low motility in sperm, or blockage or damage in the fallopian tube, they may suggest Intrafallopian transfer. This treatment is divided into:
- Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) or Tubal Embryo Transfer: Here, fertilization happens in a lab, and the fertilized embryo is then placed into the uterus.
- Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT): In this treatment, the doctors transfer the eggs and sperm into the fallopian tube, and fertilization is allowed to take place in the woman’s body.
Fertility medications
In most cases of female infertility, doctors start their treatment with medication. The doctor will first perform a thorough diagnosis to determine the best medicines for you. On determining the exact cause of infertility, the doctor will suggest medicines to help you conceive. The most commonly prescribed medicines for infertility are Gonadotropins and Clomid. These medicines induce ovulation and enhance ovarian stimulation to increase your chances of conceiving.
